Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation and recycling process in the lysosome. In mammalian cells, there are three primary types of autophagy: microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Microphagy captures cargoes by means of invaginations or protrusions of the lysosomal membrane directly, CMA uses chaperones to identify cargo proteins and then unfolds and transfers them into the lysosomal, while macroautophagy sequesters cargo by autophagosomes-de novo synthesized of double-membrane vesicles-and subsequently transport it to the lysosome.
Macroautophagy is the best studied and it occurs at a low level constitutively and can also be further induced under stress conditions, such as nutrient or energy starvation with a salient feature of autophagy protein degradation. Stress-induced macrophagy plays an important role in protein catabolism with another key protein degradation pathway, the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS).
As the study progressed, autophagy gains its importance under basal, nutrient-rich conditions, and is now recognized as a critical housekeeping pathway in catabolism of diverse cellular constituents, such as protein aggregates (aggrephagy), lipid droplets (lipophagy), iron complex (Ferritinophagy) and carbohydrate. Except for macromolecules, autophagy can also target several organelles and structures, such as mitochondria (mitophagy), peroxisome (pexophagy), endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy or ER-phagy), ribosome (ribophagy), spermatozoon-inherited organelles following fertilization (allophagy), secretory granules within pancreatic cells (zymophagy) and intracellular pathogens (xenophagy).
Autophagy and its dysfunction are associated with a variety of human pathologies, including ageing, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, heart disease and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Plenty of drugs and natural products are involved in autophagy modulation through multiple signaling pathways. Small molecules that can regulate autophagy seem to have great potential to intervene such diseases in animal models or clinical courses.
| 货号 | 产品名 | Cas | 产品描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC16224 | (±)-Bay K 8644 | 71145-03-4 | L型Ca2+通道激活剂,Bay K-8644 is a potent L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) activator with EC50 of 17.3 nM, has positive inotropic, vasoconstrictive and behavioral effects in vivo. |
| PC16216 | 3-Methyladenine. | 5142-23-4 | III类PI3K抑制剂,3-Methyladenine是 PI3K 的抑制剂。它通过抑制class III PI3K广泛作为自噬 (autophagy) 的抑制剂使用。 |
| PL07961 | 6-Mercaptopurine-d2 | 82677-93-8 | 6-Mercaptopurine-d2 是 6-Mercaptopurine 的氘代物。6-Mercaptopurine 是一种嘌呤类似物,是内源性嘌呤的拮抗剂且已被广泛用作抗白血病药物和免疫抑制药物。 |
| PL14918 | AC-73 | 775294-71-8 | AC-73 是 Cluster of Differentiation 147 (CD147) 的第一种特定的口服生物利用的抑制剂,可特异性破坏 CD147 的二聚化 (结合位点在 CD147 的 N 端 IgC2 域中包括 Glu64 和 Glu73),从而抑制 CD147/ERK1/2/STAT3/MMP-2 途径,并抑制肝癌细胞的运动和侵袭。AC-73 还是一种抗增殖药,也是白血病细胞自噬的诱导剂。 |
| PL09463 | Adapalene-d3 | 1276433-89-6 | Adapalene-d3 是 Adapalene 的氘代物。Adapalene (CD271) 是第三代合成类视黄醇,局部应用于痤疮。Adapalene 是一种有效的 RAR 激动剂,对 RARβ、RARγ、RARα 的 AC50 值分别为 2.3 nM、9.3 nM 和 22 nM。Adapalene 还以非竞争性方式抑制 GOT1 的酶活性。Adapalene 具有抗肿瘤活性。 |
| PL11826 | Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium | 68414-18-6 | Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium (ADP ribose sodium) 是一种烟酰胺腺嘌呤核苷酸 (NAD+) 的代谢产物,也是一种最有效和最主要的细胞内 Ca2+ 渗透性阳离子 TRPM2 通道激活剂,还可以增强自噬 (autophagy)。 |
| PC54264 | AG-490 | 133550-30-8 | AG490 (Tyrphostin AG490) 是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,其抑制EGFR,Stat-3 和 JAK2/3。 |
| PL07701 | Apostatin-1 | 2559703-06-7 | Apostatin-1 (Apt-1) 是一种有效的 TRADD 抑制剂。Apostatin-1 可与 TRADD-N 结合 (KD=2.17 μM),破坏其与 TRADD-C 和 TRAF2 的结合。Apostatin-1 调节 RIPK1 和 beclin 1 的泛素化。Apostatin-1 通过激活突变 tau、α-synuclein 或 huntingtin 积累的细胞中的自噬 (autophagy),阻断凋亡 (apoptosis),并恢复细胞内稳态。 |
| PL14902 | ATG7-IN-2 | 2226227-75-2 | ATG7-IN-2 (化合物 1) 是一种有效的 ATG7 抑制剂,其 IC50 值为 0.089 μM。ATG7-IN-2 可抑制自噬标志物LC3B。 |
| PL13812 | Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide TFA | Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (TFA) 是高度特异性的、CaMKII 的有效抑制剂,其 IC50 值为 40 nM。 | |
| PC16220 | Bafilomycin A1. | 88899-55-2 | V-ATPase抑制剂,Bafilomycin A1,一种从链霉菌属物种中分离的大环内酯类抗生素,是特异的 vacuolar-type H+ ATPase 抑制剂。 |
| PL14930 | BAR502 | 1612191-86-2 | BAR502是FXR和GPBAR1的双重激动剂,IC50值分别为2 μM 和0.4 μM。 |
| PL10810 | Bexarotene-d4 | 2182068-00-2 | Bexarotene-d4 是Bexarotene (LGD1069) 的氘代标记物。 Bexarotene (LGD1069) 是选择性类视黄醇X受体 (retinoid X receptors (RXR)) 激动剂,可用于皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的研究。 |
| PL14898 | Bisdemethoxycurcumin-d8 | 2470233-08-8 | Bisdemethoxycurcumin-d8 是 Bisdemethoxycurcumin 的氘代物。Bisdemethoxycurcumin 是姜黄素衍生物,具有抗炎症和抗癌活性。 |
| PL12508 | BL-918 | 2101517-69-3 | BL-918 是一种具有口服活性 UNC-51 样激酶 1 (ULK1) 激活剂,EC50 为 24.14 nM。BL-918 通过靶向 ULK 复合物发挥其细胞保护性自噬作用。BL-918 有用于帕金森氏病 (PD) 的潜力。 |
| PC54584 | Bosutinib | 380843-75-4 | Bosutinib是一种口服Src/Abl酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,IC50分别为1.2 nM和1 nM。 |
| PL14827 | Briciclib | 865783-99-9 | Briciclib (ON 014185) 是一种 ON 013100 衍生物,具有靶作用于 eIF4E 对抗固体肿瘤的潜力。 |
| PL09360 | CA77.1 | 2412270-22-3 | CA77.1 是一种有效的,具有脑渗透性和口服活性的分子伴侣介导自噬 (CMA) 的 激活剂,表现出良好的药代动力学。CA77.1是 AR7 的衍生物,可以增加溶酶体受体 (LAMP2A) 在溶酶体中的表达。CA77.1 可以改善 PS19 小鼠模型的行为和神经病理特征,可用于阿尔茨海默病的研究。 |
| PL12464 | Capsaicin-d3 | 1217899-52-9 | Capsaicin-d3 是 Capsaicin 的氘代物。Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) 是辣椒中的活性成分,是一种 TRPV1 激动剂。Capsaicin 具有减轻疼痛、抗氧化、抗炎、神经保护和抗癌作用。 |
| PL06653 | CC-885 | 1010100-07-8 | CC-885 是 CRBN 蛋白的调节剂,有潜在的抗肿瘤活性。 |
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