Src-homology-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by the PTPN11 gene, is a 593 amino acid classical non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). SHP2 is involved in diverse signalling pathways such as RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT and PD-1/PD-L1. Besides, SHP2 negatively regulates the activation of recombinant NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing protein 3) inflammasome via mitochondrial homeostasis. SHP2 has been regarded as an extremely attractive target for human diseases therapies, particular in cancer.