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VEGF & VEGFR

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are a family of secreted polypeptides that are crucial to the normal development and maintenance of the vascular and lymphatic systems. VEGF stimulates endothelial cells to degrade extracellular matrix, proliferate, migrate, and form tubes, and acts as an endothelial cell survival factor. VEGF also increases vascular permeability. So far, VEGF family includes VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D (FIGF), VEGF-Es, and placenta growth factor (PlGF). VEGFs have been found in all vertebrate species so far examined and are highly conserved between species. The biological functions of the VEGFs are mediated by VEGFRs (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3), a family of cognate protein tyrosine kinase receptors, and two non-protein kinase co-receptors known as neuropilins (Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2).

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