Inolitazone dihydrochloride (Efatutazone dihydrochloride) upregulates the cell cycle kinase inhibitor, p21. Silencing p21 rendered cells insensitive to Inolitazone. A 10 nM dose of Inolitazone activates PPARγ:RXRα-dependent transcription as demonstrated in a transient transfection assay utilizing a PPRE response element fused to a luciferase reporter gene (PPRE3-tk-luc). DRO cells are treated in culture with Inolitazone, Rosiglitazone, or Troglitazone at the indicated concentrations. DRO cells are transiently transfected with PPRE3-tk-luc to examine effective concentrations at which EC50 occurs. The EC50s are 1 nM (Inolitazone), 65 nM (Rosiglitazone) and 631 nM (Troglitazone). Similarly, the calculated inhibitory concentration at IC50 is 0.8 nM for Inolitazone, 75 nM for Rosiglitazone, and 1412 nM for Troglitazone. Inolitazone specifically activates PPARγ, but not PPARα or PPARδ. Exposure of 10 nM Inolitazone following transient transfection with the appropriate PPAR isoform (γ, α, or δ) and PPAR response element linked to a luciferase reporter in RIE rat small intestinal cell line, which does not express PPARs, yields increased luciferase activity only in the presence of PPARγ and PPRE3-tk-luc.
DRO cells are growth inhibited by 10 nM Inolitazone (RS5444) through a PPARγ-dependent mechanism.
Medlife has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.